| Proper Lifting | 正確搬運 |
| The nurse is at risk for injury to lumbar muscles in lifting. The rate of injuries in occupational settings has increased in recent years, and more than one half are back injuries resulting from improper lifting and bending techniques （Owen and Garg, 1991）. Injury to the lumbar area affects the ability to bend forward, backward, and from side to side. In addition, the ability to rotate the hips and lower back is decreased. | 在搬運時，護(hù)士有腰肌損傷危險。最近幾年，專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的受傷比例增加，其中一半以上是由于搬運及彎腰操作不當(dāng)。腰部損傷影響到前后左右的彎腰能力，而且，髖部及下腰的旋轉(zhuǎn)能力也降低。 |
| As more clients are being discharged into the home setting for continuing care, it is necessary for the nurse to teach members of the client's family how to lift and transfer the client safely. | 隨著越來越多的病人逐漸出院進(jìn)入療養(yǎng)院等繼續(xù)接受護(hù)理，護(hù)士就有必要教育病人家屬安全地搬動和運送病人?！?/td> |
| The purpose of this skill and all skills in this unit is to teach both the nurse and family members how to safely and correctly lift and transfer the client with impaired mobility. | 本技術(shù)及本單元所有技術(shù)的目的是教育護(hù)士和家屬安全、正確地搬運和運送活動受損的病人?！?/td> |
Potential Nursing DiagnosesClient data derived during the assessment reveal defining characteristics to support the following nursing diagnoses for clients requiring this skill:
Impaired skin integrity
High risk for injury | 潛在的護(hù)理診斷：評估資料提示支持下列護(hù)理診斷:
皮膚完整性受損
受傷危險高 |
| Steps | 步驟說明 |
1. Assess "basic four" lifting measures:
a.Position of weight: The weight to be lifted should be as close to the lifter as possible.
* Places the object to be lifted in the same plane as the lifter. | 1. 評估“四項基本”搬運措施：
A. 重量位置：要搬動的重體應(yīng)盡量靠近搬運者。
* 將準(zhǔn)備搬動的物體置于搬運者同一平面?！?/td> |
b.Height of object: The best height for lifting vertically is slightly above the level of the middle finger of a person with the arm hanging at the side.
c. Body position: The lifter should be positioned with the trunk erect so that multiple muscle groups work together.
d. Maximum weight: An object is too heavy if it is greater than 35% of the lifter's body weight. | B. 物體高度：垂直搬運的最優(yōu)高度是手臂自然下垂于體側(cè)時略高于中指的位置。
C. 身體位置：搬運者應(yīng)軀干挺直，這樣，多處肌肉群就可協(xié)同工作。
D.最大重量：物體重量超過搬運者體重35%時為過量。
* 確定搬動時需要其他人員支援?！?/td> |
2. Come close to object to be moved.
* Determines need for assistance from additional personnel during lift. | 2. 靠近欲移動物體。
* 將搬運者的重力中心靠近物體。 |
3. Enlarge your base of support, placing feet apart.
* Moves the lifter's center of gravity closer to the object. | 3. 分開兩腿，擴(kuò)大支撐基礎(chǔ)。
* 保持更好的軀體平衡，減少摔到危險?！?/td> |
4. Lower your center of gravity to object to be lifted.
* Increases body balance and enables your muscle groups to work together in synchronized manner. | 4. 降低身體重心至欲提升物體。
* 增加身體平衡，使你的肌肉群能同步協(xié)調(diào)地工作?！?/td> |
5.Maintain proper alignment of head and neck with vertebrae, keeping trunk straight.
* Reduces risk of injury to lumbar vertebrae and muscle groups. | 5.保持頭、頸和脊柱在同一直面上，保持軀干正直。
* 減少腰椎和肌肉群受傷危險?！?/td> |
| Nurse AlertBefore lifting an object the nurse should decide if it can be safely lifted by one person. If the nurse feels that the object is too large or too heavy, additional personnel should be sought for assistance. | 護(hù)士注意： 在搬動物體前，護(hù)士應(yīng)確定一人能否安全搬動，如果護(hù)士覺得物體太重或太大，就應(yīng)尋求他人幫助?！?/td> |
Client Teaching
Demonstrating correct lifting techniques is an excellent way for the nurse to teach the client and family how they can avoid injuring themselves when moving something. | 病人宣教：演示正確的抬升技巧是護(hù)士教育病人和家屬在移動物體避免受傷的最優(yōu)途徑?！?/td> |
Geriatric Considerations
The geriatric client may require reeducation on what he can and cannot safely lift. Objects that could be safely lifted in the early and middle adult years cannot usually be lifted in the later adult years. | 老年考慮： 應(yīng)教育老年病人什么是他能夠或無法安全搬動的，在青壯年時能安全搬動的物體通常在老年時就無法搬動了。 |
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