“醫(yī)學(xué)英語:it的用法”相信是學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)英語的朋友的朋友關(guān)注的事情,為此,醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)小編整理以下內(nèi)容,希望可以幫助您!
一、it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
在表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的結(jié)構(gòu)中,it可用作先行代詞,這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句型如下:It+is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+其他部分。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,可用who,whom代替that.
例如:
Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.
王教授每星期一下午教我們英語。
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語:It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.
強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語:It is us whom Prof.Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.
強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語:It is English that Prof.Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.
強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語:It is every Monday afternoon that Prof.Wang teaches us English.
1)該上課了,快。
It is time for class.Hurry up.
2)從這兒到你們學(xué)校遠(yuǎn)嗎?不遠(yuǎn),大約一公里。
Is it far from here to your school?No,it isn‘t.It’s about a kilometer.
3)從我家到頤和園去很近。
It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace.
4)(天)正在下雨。
It‘s raining now.
5)電燈是愛迪生發(fā)明的。
It was Edison who invented the electric light.
6)我認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是很重要的。
I think it important to learn a foreign language.
7)他通常一天讀兩次英語。
He made it a rule to read English twice a day.
8)從我家去天安門廣場坐公共汽車大約要一個小時。
It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian‘anmen Square by bus.
反意疑問句
反意疑問句相當(dāng)于“對不對?”“好不好?”“行不行?”,用yes或no回答。由兩部分組成,前一部分是陳述句,后一部分是附加疑問短語,中間用逗號隔開,所以反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句。通常的形式是:肯定的陳述句+否定的附加疑問,或否定的陳述句+肯定的附加疑問。
如:
He studies English,doesn‘t he?
He doesn‘t study English,does he?
They are from America,aren‘t they?
They are not from America,are they?
反意疑問句的主要形式:
1.如果主句是be或其他助動詞(如can,shall,will等),其反意疑問句用同一助動詞。
如:
We are late,aren‘t we?
You haven‘t met my wife,have you?
He can drive a car,can‘t he?
They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet,didn‘t(usedn’t)they?
You‘d better eat with knives and forks,hadn’t you?
2.如果主語帶有seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,little等否定詞或半否定詞時,因為主句本身具有否定意義,附加疑問部分的動詞用肯定式,
如:
We seldom go to the cinema,do we?
Sue almost never worked,did she?
3.如果主句部分是“I am…”結(jié)構(gòu),由于“am not”沒有相應(yīng)的縮略形式,附加疑問部分一般用aren‘t I代替。
如:
I am your friend,aren‘t I?
I‘m late,aren’t I?
I am a student,aren‘t I?
在祈使句中的附加疑問部分一般用will you,won‘t you.
4.在祈使句中的附加疑問部分一般用will you,won‘t you.
如:
Sit down,will you?
Have some tea,won‘t you?
Open the window,won‘t you?
這種句子可以理解為:Will you do something?
如:Will you open the window?
注意:否定的祈使句之后,只能用will.
如:
Don‘t forget,will you?
Don‘t make so much noise,will you?
5.以Let‘s…開頭的祈使句,肯定的用shall we?否定的用all right?或OK?,如:
Let‘s go back to our seats,shall we?
Let‘s not have hot food this time,OK?(all right?)
這種句子可以理解為:Shall we(do something?),
如:Shall we go back to our seats.這樣有助于理解和記憶。
注意:Let‘s與Let us的區(qū)別:Let’s包括聽話人在內(nèi),應(yīng)用shall we,而Let us不包括聽話人在內(nèi),表示“請你讓我們…”,要用will you.
如:
Let‘s watch the news on TV,shall we?(表示建議)
Let us watch the news on TV,will you?(表示請求)
6.主句是I suppose,I think,I believe等時,附加疑問部分則往往與that從句中的主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系,但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。
如:
I suppose that you know the meaning of the word,don‘t you?
(這句話明顯是要問“你是不是知道?”而不是問“我是不是這樣認(rèn)為?”)
I don‘t think that you have read the book,have you?
7.當(dāng)主句的動詞have表示“擁有”時,附加疑問既可用have,也可用do,
如:
You have a color TV set,haven‘t you/don’t you?
當(dāng)主句的have不表示“擁有”而表示其他意思時,附加疑問要用do,
如:
You had a cold yesterday,didn‘t you?
They don‘t have coffee with breakfast,do they?
8.There be句型的反意疑問句,用there作主語。
如:
There is something wrong,isn‘t there?
There won‘t be any trouble,will there?不會有任何麻煩,是嗎?
9.陳述部分的主語是everyone,someone,anyone,no one,nobody等不定代詞時,其疑問部分的主語可用he,也可用they.
如:
Everyone knows it,doesn‘t he/don’t they?
英語反意疑問句的回答有點和漢語的相反。但一定要記?。褐灰卮鹗强隙ǖ模加脃es,只要回答是否定的,都用no.這在主句是否定句的時候要特別注意。例如:
Mr.Jones can‘t speak French,can he??No,he can’t.
瓊斯先生不會講法語,對嗎??對,他不會講法語。
Mr.Jones can‘t speak French,can he??Yes,he can.
瓊斯先生不會講法語,對嗎??不,他會講法語。
This is not a door,is it?-Yes,it is.It is an iron door.
這不是門,對嗎??不,這是門。是扇鐵門。
二、形式賓語it
it作形式賓語,代表其后所說的真正的賓語。真正的賓語是以that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或不定式短語。例如:
I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language.
我認(rèn)為你們中國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語,不和你們自己的語言比較是不對的。
I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)一門外語不那么困難。
I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.
我記得向你明確表示過我不來。
They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.
他們要向公眾表明,他們在做一件重要而又必要的工作。
三、形式主語it
動詞不定式、動名詞短語起、從句在句子中起主語作用,而這一部分用詞較多時,可以用it作為形式主語,放在句首代表其后所說的事實上的、真正的主語,而把真正的主語放在后面。
1.It+謂語+動詞不定式。It作形式主語,動詞不定式作真正的主語。
例如:
It is difficult to climb a mountain.爬山是很艱難的。
It‘s a good habit to do morning exercises.作早操是個好習(xí)慣。
It‘s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language.在學(xué)習(xí)外語時適當(dāng)?shù)刈鲆恍┯兄谟洃浀木毩?xí)是很重要的。
It is right to do so.這樣做是對的。
2.It+謂語+動名詞短語。It作形式主語,動名詞短語作真正的主語。
例如:
It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危險的。
It is no use learning without thinking.學(xué)而不思則罔。
It‘s useless arguing with a silly boy.和笨孩子爭論是沒有用的。
3.It+謂語+名詞性從句。It作形式主語,以that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是真正的主語。
例如:
It is a pity that you didn‘t see such a good film.
你沒看這么好的電影,真可惜。
It is certain that we shall succeed.我們一定會成功。
It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.
真奇怪,誰也不知道他住在哪里。
(It is strange that…后面可用虛擬語氣。
如:It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.
他居然犯了這樣一個錯誤,真奇怪。
It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.
居然沒有人知道他住在哪里,真奇怪。)
It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.
據(jù)說飛機(jī)明天上午十點起飛。
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