2009年9月，在泰國進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)由美國軍方支持的醫(yī)療試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，某實(shí)驗(yàn)性疫苗能將感染艾滋病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大降低。人類首次獲得了具有一定免疫效果的艾滋病疫苗。

Challenges in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine

1) extensive viral clase and sequence diversity

2) early establishment of latent viral reservoirs

3) immune correlates of protection unclear

4) viral evasion of humoral and cellular immune responses.

5) antibody responses typically type-specific

6) no method exists to elicit broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies

7) attenuated viruses unsafe for human use

8) lack of small-animal model

9) little pharmaceutical interest